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The realm of programming languages is vast, teeming with hundreds of options that span countless tools and frameworks. Each has its unique merits and specific use cases. Yet, the reality is that many of these languages cater to niche markets or are only worthwhile if a lucrative opportunity comes along that demands their use—and if you’re willing to immerse yourself in that role or project.
So, how does one navigate this labyrinth and determine which languages deserve your time and attention?
The short answer: this guide is your roadmap. Simple, right?
Jokes aside, the language you choose should align with your career aspirations, as some are clearly tailored for particular paths. But what if your career direction is still uncertain, or your main objective is securing employment, advancing professionally, or maximizing your earning potential? In that case, keep reading.
We've sifted through data and collaborated with our team of expert instructors to curate a list of the 12 best programming languages to learn in 2024. The insights for this analysis were enriched by discussions with Kenn and Vit, our company’s visionary founders and true veterans of the IT world. Their perspectives were invaluable, steering this exploration of language trends.
Our approach was systematic. We started by evaluating hundreds of programming languages, then narrowed the list to 25 contenders. Finally, we honed this down further using five key criteria:
Don’t overwhelm yourself by trying to master all these languages at once. If you’re new to programming, select one and commit to it. Jumping between languages in the early stages will only squander your valuable time.
Already familiar with a language or two? Great. Read on to see if there’s one here that could elevate your existing skillset.
The Winners for Each of Our 5 Selection Criteria
Criteria 1: Job Demand
Job demand is a pivotal factor. After all, if there aren't ample job opportunities, investing time in learning a language could be an unproductive endeavor.
For this year’s analysis, we set a high bar. To make it onto our shortlist of 12 languages, each needed to meet a minimum threshold: at least 1,000 job postings for U.S.-based roles on a single prominent job site. This criterion ensures that your efforts to master one of these languages translate to strong job prospects, even for the rising stars in the tech world.
Which Language Had the Most Open Jobs?
2024 Programming Language Breakdown
of open job postings for each language, in the US only
Among the 12 finalists, there were nearly 450,000 job listings collectively—a testament to the strength of the programming job market. Leading the pack is Python, boasting a commanding 85,000 current job postings.
This substantial demand is one of the key reasons we advocate for all beginners to start with Python (or JavaScript). The rationale is clear: Python’s job market is robust and growing, it maintains a high level of popularity, and it offers competitive compensation (with the 4th highest average salary, exceeding $120,000 annually).
Collecting these insights was made efficient through data parsing, which allowed us to swiftly compile and analyze current job market data. This method ensured an up-to-date and comprehensive perspective, saving time while enhancing the reliability of our findings.
Furthermore, Python's versatility is unparalleled—it powers projects in an array of industries and fields. For those looking to carve out a space in the AI boom or contribute to data science initiatives, Python remains a strategic choice.
Criteria 2: Average Salary (USD)
For this analysis, we focused only on programming languages with an average salary of at least $100,000 while ensuring that there were still plenty of job opportunities available.
This benchmark did mean that some popular languages didn’t make the cut.
For example:
VBA is an excellent tool for data analysis and automation. Mastering VBA can open the door to numerous roles in today’s job market, but the average salary hovers around $82,000. Make no mistake, that’s a strong number, but we had to draw the line somewhere.
Moreover, being solely a “VBA developer” is uncommon. Instead, VBA is typically one skill among many in roles focused on data analysis or Business Intelligence.
Common skills paired with VBA include:
If you’re interested in the data field, we recommend checking out our guide that breaks down the differences between Data Engineers, Data Analysts, and Data Scientists.
On the other end of the spectrum, there’s Solidity, a language tied to the Web3 ecosystem. The industry faces a scarcity of skilled developers, presenting significant opportunities for those who specialize in it. With an average salary of $179,000 per year, it’s an appealing prospect.
However, Solidity didn’t meet our criteria due to the relatively low number of job postings—fewer than 300 across the U.S. But, if you have confidence in Web3, NFTs, and the potential resurgence of the crypto world, or if you simply have a strong interest in these fields, then by all means, go for it.
Personally, I firmly believe in the future of Web3, blockchain, and the metaverse. From my perspective, this is the space to watch and invest in if you’re passionate about technology’s next frontier.
As we mentioned earlier, the best programming language for you is the one aligned with your career aspirations. This guide aims to assist those who aren’t sure where to start, helping narrow down options based on salary and opportunity. If you have a specific goal, follow that path and master the language that supports it.
So, which languages offer the highest average salaries?
2024 Programming Language Breakdown
Average Salary in USD
Ruby, TypeScript, and Kotlin lead the way, with average annual salaries ranging from $128,000 to $135,000.
However, if you’re looking for a balance between job demand and income, Python, SQL, and Java are your top contenders:
Criteria 3: Learning Difficulty
Not all programming languages are created equal when it comes to ease of learning. While some can be picked up quickly, others require more time and dedication.
Of course, assessing learning difficulty is subjective, so take this guide as exactly that—a guide. It’s not the final word, nor is it meant to incite debates in the comments! Instead, think of it as a helpful tool based on collective insights from our in-house experts, Kenn and Vit, alongside feedback from other seasoned developers at We Can Develop IT.
Our Tiered Ranking System for Learning Difficulty:
The key takeaway? None of the languages on this list are prohibitively difficult to learn. Still, some do come with steeper learning curves than others, even if only marginally.
The Results:
SQL emerges as the simplest language to learn, with its straightforward syntax that can be picked up quickly. If your goal is to dive into data querying and manipulation, SQL is a great starting point.
When it comes to programming languages with broader use cases, especially in web development:
For those who already have a foundation in programming, Rust, Golang, and TypeScript are often described as moderately straightforward to pick up. Java benefits from an extensive ecosystem of learning resources, while Kotlin and C# have similarities to Java that make them accessible to those familiar with it.
C++ ranks as the most challenging language on this list—not because it’s insurmountably difficult, but because it demands more from the learner compared to others. If C++ is your chosen language, don’t be deterred. It may be more complex, but with dedication, it’s certainly achievable.
Criteria 4: Do Developers Love or Hate This Language?
It’s one thing for a language to be easy to learn and come with a lucrative paycheck, but if using it day after day makes you want to pull your hair out, that’s a serious drawback.
To gauge this, we looked into how developers feel about working with these languages. Do they enjoy using them enough to want to continue, or do they avoid them like the plague?
Fortunately, the annual StackOverflow Developer Survey is an invaluable resource that tracks how developers feel about programming languages and tools. Their 2023 survey introduced a new system called "admired and desired," which is a nuanced take on developer preferences.
What Do All Those Dots and Lines Mean?
The survey’s “admired and desired” results are a bit more intricate than the previous “most loved and hated” rankings. Here’s a quick breakdown:
For our purposes, we focused on the red dots—the metric that answers the crucial question: Are developers who use a language enjoying it enough to continue?
Does That Make Sense?
Great! Just remember, personal opinions are at play here, so take these findings with a grain of salt. Developers may be new to a language and dislike it due to inexperience, or they could be veterans who have grown weary of a language after years of use. And yes, in some cases, the language might truly be problematic. With such a broad range of responses, trends emerge but aren’t definitive for everyone.
So, Which Languages Are Most Loved by Developers?
2024 Programming Language Breakdown
% of Developers who currently use the language and want to continue using it
When we filter down StackOverflow’s responses to just the languages on our list, Rust emerges as the undisputed champion, followed by TypeScript and Python.
Over 84,66 % of developers currently using Rust expressed that they love it and plan to keep using it. This level of satisfaction highlights why Rust consistently tops the charts as one of the most enjoyable languages to work with.
TypeScript and Python follow closely behind, showcasing their blend of modern features, strong community support, and overall developer happiness.
Criteria 5: Future-Proof Outlook
Finally, we evaluated each language for its potential over the next 5-10 years. How future-proof is it? While we can’t make guarantees (so don’t hold us to it!), we can highlight trends and insights that suggest which languages are worth your time in the long term.
Our analysis leveraged data from the TIOBE index —a reliable indicator of programming language popularity—and GitHub’s 2023 pull request statistics, both of which track trends in usage and developer engagement.
What We Found:
Key Takeaways:
Summary:
Python, JavaScript/TypeScript, and Java stand out as the most future-proof options, with strong growth and robust ecosystems. Emerging languages like Go and Rust are also worth considering, thanks to their alignment with modern needs for speed, security, and efficiency.
Ultimately, all these languages have distinct strengths and specialized areas of use. Your choice should align with your career goals and interests, but from a forward-looking perspective, investing time in languages that demonstrate consistent growth and industry alignment is a strategic move.
Here Are Our Language Winners for Some of the Most In-Demand Careers
Primary Uses: Machine learning, AI, web development, data science, automation, scripting, app development.
Adjusted Job Postings: ~85,000
Average Salary: $121,900
Learning Difficulty: Beginner-Friendly
Developer Sentiment: 65.52% of developers love Python.
Future Outlook: Widely used across various industries, with continuous growth, particularly in AI and data science.
Description:
Python, like a fine wine, has only improved with age. Despite being more than 30 years old, its popularity shows no signs of waning. This highly versatile language is a favorite among both novices and seasoned developers. Its English-like syntax makes it approachable for beginners, allowing them to pick up the basics quickly and dive into real projects with ease.
But don't be fooled—Python is not just for beginners. Its use in complex machine learning algorithms and AI projects solidifies its place in the cutting-edge tech landscape.
Career Opportunities:
Python expertise opens doors in fast-growing sectors that reward innovation and analytical prowess.
Primary Uses: Data analysis, database management, business reporting, data queries, backend development (with other languages).
Adjusted Job Postings: ~64,600
Average Salary: $109,400
Learning Difficulty: Beginner-Friendly
Developer Sentiment: 64.26% of developers love SQL.
Future Outlook: A staple of data management since the 1970s, SQL remains indispensable.
Description:
SQL might not have the glamour of more modern languages, but it’s essential in any data-centric role. Its straightforward nature makes it easy to learn, yet powerful enough to analyze and manipulate complex data sets. Whether you’re working on data extraction or business analytics, SQL provides the foundation needed to manage relational databases efficiently. Even as automated tools and AI simplify data queries, understanding the core principles of SQL is critical.
Primary Uses: Web apps, mobile apps, DevOps, IoT devices, game development, desktop apps, server applications, websites.
Adjusted Job Postings: ~7,800
Average Salary: $129,300
Learning Difficulty: Moderately Straightforward
Developer Sentiment: 71.7% of developers love TypeScript.
Future Outlook: Backed by Microsoft and popular for large-scale applications.
Description:
TypeScript is the enhanced version of JavaScript, adding static typing to ensure better code organization and fewer bugs. Developers love its ability to make large codebases more manageable and maintainable, which is crucial for complex applications. While job postings are fewer compared to other top languages, TypeScript offers a high average salary, reflecting the demand for specialized skills.
Primary Uses: Game development, web development, VR, operating systems, Web3, performance-critical systems, low-level programming, embedded systems.
Adjusted Job Postings: ~22,900
Average Salary: $109,900
Learning Difficulty: Moderately Straightforward
Developer Sentiment: 84.66% of developers love Rust.
Future Outlook: Known for safety and performance, Rust is gaining momentum in high-demand sectors.
Description:
Rust is a rising star with an impressive focus on safety and performance. It consistently ranks as the most loved language, thanks to its modern syntax and strict memory management rules that prevent many common bugs. While not as beginner-friendly as Python, Rust’s capabilities make it a top choice for performance-intensive projects in innovative fields like Web3 and VR.
Primary Uses: Web apps, mobile apps, DevOps, IoT devices, game development, desktop apps, server applications, data visualization, web sockets, websites.
Adjusted Job Postings: ~41,900
Average Salary: $106,600
Learning Difficulty: Beginner-Friendly
Developer Sentiment: 57.83% of developers love JavaScript.
Future Outlook: Remains essential for web development and beyond.
Description:
JavaScript is the backbone of web development. It’s the go-to language for building interactive and dynamic web pages and apps. With frameworks like React, Angular, and Node.js, JavaScript’s capabilities have expanded into mobile and server-side development. While it may not top developer satisfaction surveys, its ubiquity and versatility make it an indispensable skill.
Career Opportunities:
Primary Uses: Game development, VR, robotics, software, operating systems, complex computations, mobile development, system programming, embedded systems, performance-critical applications.
Adjusted Job Postings: ~46,400
Average Salary: $120,200
Learning Difficulty: Challenging
Developer Sentiment: 49.77% of developers love C++.
Future Outlook: Critical for high-performance systems and real-time applications.
Description:
C++ is known for its power and efficiency. Its low-level capabilities allow developers to interact closely with computer hardware, making it ideal for applications where performance is key. While more challenging to learn, its mastery can lead to opportunities in game development, robotics, and systems programming where efficiency is non-negotiable.
Primary Uses: Enterprise applications, web apps, Android development, large-scale systems, e-commerce, fintech, big data.
Adjusted Job Postings: ~54,700
Average Salary: $117,900
Learning Difficulty: Moderately Straightforward
Developer Sentiment: 44.1% of developers love Java.
Future Outlook: A mainstay of software development, backed by Oracle.
Description:
Java has long been a pillar of enterprise software and large-scale systems. Its portability—“write once, run anywhere”—and object-oriented approach make it a reliable choice for companies needing scalable, cross-platform solutions. Although its popularity among developers may fluctuate, Java continues to be a cornerstone language.
Primary Uses: Command-line tools, GUI applications, system and network programming, web apps, web servers, microservices, cloud applications.
Adjusted Job Postings: ~33,700
Average Salary: $121,100
Learning Difficulty: Moderately Straightforward
Developer Sentiment: 62.45% of developers love Go.
Future Outlook: Rapidly adopted by enterprises, supported by Google.
Description:
Go was created for simplicity and performance, making it perfect for modern cloud applications and server-side development. With strong concurrency support, Go is particularly suited for scalable network applications. Its clean syntax appeals to developers looking for straightforward coding without sacrificing efficiency.
Primary Uses: Enterprise applications, web development, mobile apps, game development, VR, desktop applications.
Adjusted Job Postings: ~33,500
Average Salary: $120,200
Learning Difficulty: Moderately Straightforward
Developer Sentiment: 62.87% of developers love C#.
Future Outlook: A staple in the Microsoft ecosystem with strong future prospects.
Description:
C# is a versatile language integral to the .NET framework, making it perfect for developing Windows-based applications. It is also popular in game development due to Unity’s adoption. Supported by Microsoft, C# remains an excellent choice for those aiming for careers in enterprise or game development.
Primary Uses: Web development, web servers, DevOps, scripting, automation, prototyping.
Adjusted Job Postings: ~7,600
Average Salary: $134,200
Learning Difficulty: Beginner-Friendly
Developer Sentiment: 47.69% of developers love Ruby.
Future Outlook: Its popularity has declined but retains a dedicated following.
Description:
Ruby, especially when paired with Ruby on Rails, is loved for its simplicity and productivity in web development. While not as mainstream as it once was, Ruby is still appreciated for rapid prototyping and ease of use, making it a solid choice for startups and smaller-scale projects.
Primary Uses: Android development, server-side applications, cross-platform development.
Adjusted Job Postings: ~2,200
Average Salary: $127,200
Learning Difficulty: Moderately Straightforward
Developer Sentiment: 60.77% of developers love Kotlin.
Future Outlook: The preferred language for Android, promoted by Google.
Description:
Kotlin has been embraced by the Android community for its modern features and full interoperability with Java. Its concise syntax helps reduce boilerplate code, speeding up development while enhancing code safety. Ideal for mobile developers seeking to create sleek, efficient apps.
Primary Uses: Web development and web applications.
Adjusted Job Postings: ~17,900
Average Salary: $102,000
Learning Difficulty: Beginner-Friendly
Developer Sentiment: 41.83% of developers love PHP.
Future Outlook: Despite declining popularity, PHP still powers a significant portion of the web, largely due to platforms like WordPress.
Description:
While PHP is no longer the trendiest language on the block, it remains a crucial tool for web development, supporting many legacy systems and current web applications. Its ease of use and deep integration into web technologies make it a practical choice for server-side scripting. PHP’s widespread use means there’s a wealth of existing codebases and examples to learn from, ensuring that developers can build or maintain web solutions effectively. Although newer technologies are vying for attention, PHP’s established role means it continues to offer stable job opportunities for those willing to specialize.
If You’re Not Sure Where to Start:
Important Tips for Your Learning Journey:
Most importantly, overcome laziness and procrastination. From my experience, discipline and countless attempts will be what ultimately make you successful. Push through the moments of doubt and keep going—you'll be amazed at how far you can get with persistent effort.
Final Thought: The best language to learn is the one that aligns with your interests and career aspirations. Start small, tackle achievable projects, and build from there. With dedication and curiosity, you’ll find yourself navigating the programming world with confidence and adaptability.
When choosing a language that allows you to build modern applications and genuinely enjoy your work, it’s crucial to remember that programming is simply a tool for achieving various goals. For example, we tested our skills at a hackathon hosted on Devpost. The hackathon was called Global Gamers Challenge
It was jointly organized by Google & Global Citizen
You can find the results of our experiment and all the details in this article.
If you’re inspired by how technology is changing our world, you might also be interested in learning about Reconnect AI. This project combines artificial intelligence with memory and history, helping people learn, remember, and find support through unique interactions with digital avatars. Learn here.
Additionally, we offer Clever Wallet, a smart wallet solution designed to empower you to focus on launching and scaling startups even faster. This cutting-edge fintech tool streamlines financial operations, giving you the freedom to innovate without limitations. Read here
Best Programming Languages
To Learn In 2025
At We Can Develop IT, we are eager to share our expertise with you.
The realm of programming languages is vast, teeming with hundreds of options that span countless tools and frameworks. Each has its unique merits and specific use cases. Yet, the reality is that many of these languages cater to niche markets or are only worthwhile if a lucrative opportunity comes along that demands their use—and if you’re willing to immerse yourself in that role or project.
So, how does one navigate this labyrinth and determine which languages deserve your time and attention?
The short answer: this guide is your roadmap. Simple, right?
Jokes aside, the language you choose should align with your career aspirations, as some are clearly tailored for particular paths. But what if your career direction is still uncertain, or your main objective is securing employment, advancing professionally, or maximizing your earning potential? In that case, keep reading.
We've sifted through data and collaborated with our team of expert instructors to curate a list of the 12 best programming languages to learn in 2024. The insights for this analysis were enriched by discussions with Kenn and Vit, our company’s visionary founders and true veterans of the IT world. Their perspectives were invaluable, steering this exploration of language trends.
Our approach was systematic. We started by evaluating hundreds of programming languages, then narrowed the list to 25 contenders. Finally, we honed this down further using five key criteria:
Don’t overwhelm yourself by trying to master all these languages at once. If you’re new to programming, select one and commit to it. Jumping between languages in the early stages will only squander your valuable time.
Already familiar with a language or two? Great. Read on to see if there’s one here that could elevate your existing skillset.
The Winners for Each of Our 5 Selection Criteria
Criteria 1: Job Demand
Job demand is a pivotal factor. After all, if there aren't ample job opportunities, investing time in learning a language could be an unproductive endeavor.
For this year’s analysis, we set a high bar. To make it onto our shortlist of 12 languages, each needed to meet a minimum threshold: at least 1,000 job postings for U.S.-based roles on a single prominent job site. This criterion ensures that your efforts to master one of these languages translate to strong job prospects, even for the rising stars in the tech world.
Which Language Had the Most Open Jobs?
2024 Programming Language Breakdown
of open job postings for each language, in the US only
Among the 12 finalists, there were nearly 450,000 job listings collectively—a testament to the strength of the programming job market. Leading the pack is Python, boasting a commanding 85,000 current job postings.
This substantial demand is one of the key reasons we advocate for all beginners to start with Python (or JavaScript). The rationale is clear: Python’s job market is robust and growing, it maintains a high level of popularity, and it offers competitive compensation (with the 4th highest average salary, exceeding $120,000 annually).
Collecting these insights was made efficient through data parsing, which allowed us to swiftly compile and analyze current job market data. This method ensured an up-to-date and comprehensive perspective, saving time while enhancing the reliability of our findings.
Furthermore, Python's versatility is unparalleled—it powers projects in an array of industries and fields. For those looking to carve out a space in the AI boom or contribute to data science initiatives, Python remains a strategic choice.
Criteria 2: Average Salary (USD)
For this analysis, we focused only on programming languages with an average salary of at least $100,000 while ensuring that there were still plenty of job opportunities available.
This benchmark did mean that some popular languages didn’t make the cut.
For example:
VBA is an excellent tool for data analysis and automation. Mastering VBA can open the door to numerous roles in today’s job market, but the average salary hovers around $82,000. Make no mistake, that’s a strong number, but we had to draw the line somewhere.
Moreover, being solely a “VBA developer” is uncommon. Instead, VBA is typically one skill among many in roles focused on data analysis or Business Intelligence.
Common skills paired with VBA include:
If you’re interested in the data field, we recommend checking out our guide that breaks down the differences between Data Engineers, Data Analysts, and Data Scientists.
On the other end of the spectrum, there’s Solidity, a language tied to the Web3 ecosystem. The industry faces a scarcity of skilled developers, presenting significant opportunities for those who specialize in it. With an average salary of $179,000 per year, it’s an appealing prospect.
However, Solidity didn’t meet our criteria due to the relatively low number of job postings—fewer than 300 across the U.S. But, if you have confidence in Web3, NFTs, and the potential resurgence of the crypto world, or if you simply have a strong interest in these fields, then by all means, go for it.
Personally, I firmly believe in the future of Web3, blockchain, and the metaverse. From my perspective, this is the space to watch and invest in if you’re passionate about technology’s next frontier.
As we mentioned earlier, the best programming language for you is the one aligned with your career aspirations. This guide aims to assist those who aren’t sure where to start, helping narrow down options based on salary and opportunity. If you have a specific goal, follow that path and master the language that supports it.
So, which languages offer the highest average salaries?
2024 Programming Language Breakdown
Average Salary in USD
Ruby, TypeScript, and Kotlin lead the way, with average annual salaries ranging from $128,000 to $135,000.
However, if you’re looking for a balance between job demand and income, Python, SQL, and Java are your top contenders:
Criteria 3: Learning Difficulty
Not all programming languages are created equal when it comes to ease of learning. While some can be picked up quickly, others require more time and dedication.
Of course, assessing learning difficulty is subjective, so take this guide as exactly that—a guide. It’s not the final word, nor is it meant to incite debates in the comments! Instead, think of it as a helpful tool based on collective insights from our in-house experts, Kenn and Vit, alongside feedback from other seasoned developers at We Can Develop IT.
Our Tiered Ranking System for Learning Difficulty:
The key takeaway? None of the languages on this list are prohibitively difficult to learn. Still, some do come with steeper learning curves than others, even if only marginally.
The Results:
SQL emerges as the simplest language to learn, with its straightforward syntax that can be picked up quickly. If your goal is to dive into data querying and manipulation, SQL is a great starting point.
When it comes to programming languages with broader use cases, especially in web development:
For those who already have a foundation in programming, Rust, Golang, and TypeScript are often described as moderately straightforward to pick up. Java benefits from an extensive ecosystem of learning resources, while Kotlin and C# have similarities to Java that make them accessible to those familiar with it.
C++ ranks as the most challenging language on this list—not because it’s insurmountably difficult, but because it demands more from the learner compared to others. If C++ is your chosen language, don’t be deterred. It may be more complex, but with dedication, it’s certainly achievable.
Criteria 4: Do Developers Love or Hate This Language?
It’s one thing for a language to be easy to learn and come with a lucrative paycheck, but if using it day after day makes you want to pull your hair out, that’s a serious drawback.
To gauge this, we looked into how developers feel about working with these languages. Do they enjoy using them enough to want to continue, or do they avoid them like the plague?
Fortunately, the annual StackOverflow Developer Survey is an invaluable resource that tracks how developers feel about programming languages and tools. Their 2023 survey introduced a new system called "admired and desired," which is a nuanced take on developer preferences.
What Do All Those Dots and Lines Mean?
The survey’s “admired and desired” results are a bit more intricate than the previous “most loved and hated” rankings. Here’s a quick breakdown:
For our purposes, we focused on the red dots—the metric that answers the crucial question: Are developers who use a language enjoying it enough to continue?
Does That Make Sense?
Great! Just remember, personal opinions are at play here, so take these findings with a grain of salt. Developers may be new to a language and dislike it due to inexperience, or they could be veterans who have grown weary of a language after years of use. And yes, in some cases, the language might truly be problematic. With such a broad range of responses, trends emerge but aren’t definitive for everyone.
So, Which Languages Are Most Loved by Developers?
2024 Programming Language Breakdown
% of Developers who currently use the language and want to continue using it
When we filter down StackOverflow’s responses to just the languages on our list, Rust emerges as the undisputed champion, followed by TypeScript and Python.
Over 84,66 % of developers currently using Rust expressed that they love it and plan to keep using it. This level of satisfaction highlights why Rust consistently tops the charts as one of the most enjoyable languages to work with.
TypeScript and Python follow closely behind, showcasing their blend of modern features, strong community support, and overall developer happiness.
Criteria 5: Future-Proof Outlook
Finally, we evaluated each language for its potential over the next 5-10 years. How future-proof is it? While we can’t make guarantees (so don’t hold us to it!), we can highlight trends and insights that suggest which languages are worth your time in the long term.
Our analysis leveraged data from the TIOBE index —a reliable indicator of programming language popularity—and GitHub’s 2023 pull request statistics, both of which track trends in usage and developer engagement.
What We Found:
Key Takeaways:
Summary:
Python, JavaScript/TypeScript, and Java stand out as the most future-proof options, with strong growth and robust ecosystems. Emerging languages like Go and Rust are also worth considering, thanks to their alignment with modern needs for speed, security, and efficiency.
Ultimately, all these languages have distinct strengths and specialized areas of use. Your choice should align with your career goals and interests, but from a forward-looking perspective, investing time in languages that demonstrate consistent growth and industry alignment is a strategic move.
Here Are Our Language Winners for Some of the Most In-Demand Careers
Primary Uses: Machine learning, AI, web development, data science, automation, scripting, app development.
Adjusted Job Postings: ~85,000
Average Salary: $121,900
Learning Difficulty: Beginner-Friendly
Developer Sentiment: 65.52% of developers love Python.
Future Outlook: Widely used across various industries, with continuous growth, particularly in AI and data science.
Description:
Python, like a fine wine, has only improved with age. Despite being more than 30 years old, its popularity shows no signs of waning. This highly versatile language is a favorite among both novices and seasoned developers. Its English-like syntax makes it approachable for beginners, allowing them to pick up the basics quickly and dive into real projects with ease.
But don't be fooled—Python is not just for beginners. Its use in complex machine learning algorithms and AI projects solidifies its place in the cutting-edge tech landscape.
Career Opportunities:
Python expertise opens doors in fast-growing sectors that reward innovation and analytical prowess.
Primary Uses: Data analysis, database management, business reporting, data queries, backend development (with other languages).
Adjusted Job Postings: ~64,600
Average Salary: $109,400
Learning Difficulty: Beginner-Friendly
Developer Sentiment: 64.26% of developers love SQL.
Future Outlook: A staple of data management since the 1970s, SQL remains indispensable.
Description:
SQL might not have the glamour of more modern languages, but it’s essential in any data-centric role. Its straightforward nature makes it easy to learn, yet powerful enough to analyze and manipulate complex data sets. Whether you’re working on data extraction or business analytics, SQL provides the foundation needed to manage relational databases efficiently. Even as automated tools and AI simplify data queries, understanding the core principles of SQL is critical.
Primary Uses: Web apps, mobile apps, DevOps, IoT devices, game development, desktop apps, server applications, websites.
Adjusted Job Postings: ~7,800
Average Salary: $129,300
Learning Difficulty: Moderately Straightforward
Developer Sentiment: 71.7% of developers love TypeScript.
Future Outlook: Backed by Microsoft and popular for large-scale applications.
Description:
TypeScript is the enhanced version of JavaScript, adding static typing to ensure better code organization and fewer bugs. Developers love its ability to make large codebases more manageable and maintainable, which is crucial for complex applications. While job postings are fewer compared to other top languages, TypeScript offers a high average salary, reflecting the demand for specialized skills.
Primary Uses: Game development, web development, VR, operating systems, Web3, performance-critical systems, low-level programming, embedded systems.
Adjusted Job Postings: ~22,900
Average Salary: $109,900
Learning Difficulty: Moderately Straightforward
Developer Sentiment: 84.66% of developers love Rust.
Future Outlook: Known for safety and performance, Rust is gaining momentum in high-demand sectors.
Description:
Rust is a rising star with an impressive focus on safety and performance. It consistently ranks as the most loved language, thanks to its modern syntax and strict memory management rules that prevent many common bugs. While not as beginner-friendly as Python, Rust’s capabilities make it a top choice for performance-intensive projects in innovative fields like Web3 and VR.
Primary Uses: Web apps, mobile apps, DevOps, IoT devices, game development, desktop apps, server applications, data visualization, web sockets, websites.
Adjusted Job Postings: ~41,900
Average Salary: $106,600
Learning Difficulty: Beginner-Friendly
Developer Sentiment: 57.83% of developers love JavaScript.
Future Outlook: Remains essential for web development and beyond.
Description:
JavaScript is the backbone of web development. It’s the go-to language for building interactive and dynamic web pages and apps. With frameworks like React, Angular, and Node.js, JavaScript’s capabilities have expanded into mobile and server-side development. While it may not top developer satisfaction surveys, its ubiquity and versatility make it an indispensable skill.
Career Opportunities:
Primary Uses: Game development, VR, robotics, software, operating systems, complex computations, mobile development, system programming, embedded systems, performance-critical applications.
Adjusted Job Postings: ~46,400
Average Salary: $120,200
Learning Difficulty: Challenging
Developer Sentiment: 49.77% of developers love C++.
Future Outlook: Critical for high-performance systems and real-time applications.
Description:
C++ is known for its power and efficiency. Its low-level capabilities allow developers to interact closely with computer hardware, making it ideal for applications where performance is key. While more challenging to learn, its mastery can lead to opportunities in game development, robotics, and systems programming where efficiency is non-negotiable.
Primary Uses: Enterprise applications, web apps, Android development, large-scale systems, e-commerce, fintech, big data.
Adjusted Job Postings: ~54,700
Average Salary: $117,900
Learning Difficulty: Moderately Straightforward
Developer Sentiment: 44.1% of developers love Java.
Future Outlook: A mainstay of software development, backed by Oracle.
Description:
Java has long been a pillar of enterprise software and large-scale systems. Its portability—“write once, run anywhere”—and object-oriented approach make it a reliable choice for companies needing scalable, cross-platform solutions. Although its popularity among developers may fluctuate, Java continues to be a cornerstone language.
Primary Uses: Command-line tools, GUI applications, system and network programming, web apps, web servers, microservices, cloud applications.
Adjusted Job Postings: ~33,700
Average Salary: $121,100
Learning Difficulty: Moderately Straightforward
Developer Sentiment: 62.45% of developers love Go.
Future Outlook: Rapidly adopted by enterprises, supported by Google.
Description:
Go was created for simplicity and performance, making it perfect for modern cloud applications and server-side development. With strong concurrency support, Go is particularly suited for scalable network applications. Its clean syntax appeals to developers looking for straightforward coding without sacrificing efficiency.
Primary Uses: Enterprise applications, web development, mobile apps, game development, VR, desktop applications.
Adjusted Job Postings: ~33,500
Average Salary: $120,200
Learning Difficulty: Moderately Straightforward
Developer Sentiment: 62.87% of developers love C#.
Future Outlook: A staple in the Microsoft ecosystem with strong future prospects.
Description:
C# is a versatile language integral to the .NET framework, making it perfect for developing Windows-based applications. It is also popular in game development due to Unity’s adoption. Supported by Microsoft, C# remains an excellent choice for those aiming for careers in enterprise or game development.
Primary Uses: Web development, web servers, DevOps, scripting, automation, prototyping.
Adjusted Job Postings: ~7,600
Average Salary: $134,200
Learning Difficulty: Beginner-Friendly
Developer Sentiment: 47.69% of developers love Ruby.
Future Outlook: Its popularity has declined but retains a dedicated following.
Description:
Ruby, especially when paired with Ruby on Rails, is loved for its simplicity and productivity in web development. While not as mainstream as it once was, Ruby is still appreciated for rapid prototyping and ease of use, making it a solid choice for startups and smaller-scale projects.
Primary Uses: Android development, server-side applications, cross-platform development.
Adjusted Job Postings: ~2,200
Average Salary: $127,200
Learning Difficulty: Moderately Straightforward
Developer Sentiment: 60.77% of developers love Kotlin.
Future Outlook: The preferred language for Android, promoted by Google.
Description:
Kotlin has been embraced by the Android community for its modern features and full interoperability with Java. Its concise syntax helps reduce boilerplate code, speeding up development while enhancing code safety. Ideal for mobile developers seeking to create sleek, efficient apps.
Primary Uses: Web development and web applications.
Adjusted Job Postings: ~17,900
Average Salary: $102,000
Learning Difficulty: Beginner-Friendly
Developer Sentiment: 41.83% of developers love PHP.
Future Outlook: Despite declining popularity, PHP still powers a significant portion of the web, largely due to platforms like WordPress.
Description:
While PHP is no longer the trendiest language on the block, it remains a crucial tool for web development, supporting many legacy systems and current web applications. Its ease of use and deep integration into web technologies make it a practical choice for server-side scripting. PHP’s widespread use means there’s a wealth of existing codebases and examples to learn from, ensuring that developers can build or maintain web solutions effectively. Although newer technologies are vying for attention, PHP’s established role means it continues to offer stable job opportunities for those willing to specialize.
If You’re Not Sure Where to Start:
Important Tips for Your Learning Journey:
Most importantly, overcome laziness and procrastination. From my experience, discipline and countless attempts will be what ultimately make you successful. Push through the moments of doubt and keep going—you'll be amazed at how far you can get with persistent effort.
Final Thought: The best language to learn is the one that aligns with your interests and career aspirations. Start small, tackle achievable projects, and build from there. With dedication and curiosity, you’ll find yourself navigating the programming world with confidence and adaptability.
When choosing a language that allows you to build modern applications and genuinely enjoy your work, it’s crucial to remember that programming is simply a tool for achieving various goals. For example, we tested our skills at a hackathon hosted on Devpost. The hackathon was called Global Gamers Challenge
It was jointly organized by Google & Global Citizen
You can find the results of our experiment and all the details in this article.
If you’re inspired by how technology is changing our world, you might also be interested in learning about Reconnect AI. This project combines artificial intelligence with memory and history, helping people learn, remember, and find support through unique interactions with digital avatars. Learn here.
Additionally, we offer Clever Wallet, a smart wallet solution designed to empower you to focus on launching and scaling startups even faster. This cutting-edge fintech tool streamlines financial operations, giving you the freedom to innovate without limitations. Read here
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